2nd European Asian Civil Engineering Forum » wir

First Announcement and Call for Papers

wir — Thu, 29 May 2008 19:16:49 +0000

Joint conference :

7^th Asia Pacific Structural Engineering and Construction Conference 2009 (APSEC 2009)

and

2^nd European Asian Civil Engineering Forum (EACEF 2009)

“Innovative and Sustainable Construction for Mankind”

4 – 6 August 2009

Awano Porto Malai, Langkawi
Kedah Darul Aman
Malaysia

organized by
Faculty of Civil Engineering
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia

Civil Engineering Department
Universitas Pelita Haparan, Indonesia

http://www.apsec2009.com

1st EACEF – List of Papers

wir — Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:30 +0000

Dear Sirs,

The Organizing Committee is very thankful for the submitting topic and titles of the incoming paper that was presented in the 1st International Conference of EACEF.

We have technically divided the topics and papers into 5 categories reviewed by the Scientific Committee, as following:

Structure and Construction, with peer reviewers:
a. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Kalr-Heinz Reineck (uni-Stuttgart, Germany)
b. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harianto Hardjasaputra (UPH, Indonesia)
c. Dr. F.X. Supartono (Indonesia)
d. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Triwiyono (UGM, Indonesia)
Geotechnical Engineering, with peer reviewer:
a. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Pieter A. Vermeer (Uni-Stuttgart, Germany)
b. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harianto Hardjasaputra (UPH, Indonesia)
Construction and Project Management, with peer reviewer:
a. Prof. Chan Weng Tat, Ph.D (NUS, Singapore)
b. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harianto Hardjasaputra (UPH, Indonesia)
Material, with peer reveiwer:
a. Prof. Jenn-Chuan Chern, Ph.D (NTU, Taiwan)
b. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harianto Hardjasaputra (UPH, Indonesia)
Infrastructure, with peer reviewer:
a. Prof. Jürgen Hothan (uni – Hannover, Germany)
b. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harianto Hardjasaputra (UPH, Indonesia)

Now, we are glad to announce on behalf of the Scientific Committee the acceptance of your topic and title of submitted paper that may be presented in our conference.

We would like to welcome you on the conference next September 2007.

Best Regards
The Organizing Committee

HariantoHardjasaputra
Chairman

List of Conference’s Paper

( up-dated on September 4, 2007 )

Group of Geotechnique

No	Title of abstract	Paper ID
1	Ali Pak and Mahdi Bahador “Small-Strain Shear modulus of Cement-Admixed Clay“, Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, IRAN	EACEF-13
2	Vermeer,P.A., Benz,T., Möller,S. C., “Geotechnical Aspects of Tunnelling“, Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, GERMANY Invited Speaker	EACEF-20
3	Prabir Kumar Kolay and Shahrul Bin Shafiee, “Hydraulic Conductivity of Tropical Peat Soil from Sarawak“, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MALAYSIA	EACEF-72
4	Hendra ACHIARI and Jun SASAKI, “A Numerical Analysis of Hydrodynamic Effect on Bottom sediment Characteristics After Reclamation Projects in Sanbanze Shallows of Tokyo Bay – JAPAN”, Department of Civil Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, JAPAN	EACEF-99
5	Harianto Hardjasaputra , “Lessons on Ouality Assurance of Pile Foundation Using Static / Dynamic Test, Practised in Indonesia“, Department Civil Engineering , Universitas Pelita Harapan, Lippo Karawaci, INDONESIA Host Speaker	EACEF-110
6	Guoliang Dai and Weiming Gong, “Test and Research on Pile-Base Post-Grouting Piles of Suramadu Bridge“, College of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. CHINA	EACEF-121
7	F. Alonso-Marroquin and P. Mora, “Simulation of Granular Materials using Complex Shaped Particles“, Earth System Science Computational Center, The University of Queensland, AUSTRALIA	EACEF-123
8	Miftahul Fauziah and Hamid Nikraz, “Biaxial Testing of Overconsolidated Clay“, Curtin University of Technology, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA	EACEF-124
9	S. Satibi, C. Yu and M. Leoni,” On the Numerical Simulation of Displacement Piles”, Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, GERMANY.	EACEF-139
10	T. Akhlaghi, “Investigation of Effects of Rayleigh Wave Different Modes on Dispersion Characteristics of Layered Media”, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IRAN	EACEF-156
11	S.L. Lee and G.P. Karunaratne. “Design and Performance of Fibredrain in Soil Improvement”, National University of Singapore, SINGAPORE Invited Speaker	EACEF-160

Group of Infrastructure

No	Title of abstract	Paper ID
1	Purwanti Sri Pudyastuti , “Payment for Environmental Services (PES) to Sustain Water Infrastructure“, Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Jl. A.Yani, Tromol Pos 1, Pabelan, Kartasura, Surakarta 57102, INDONESIA	EACEF-01
2	S. Imam WAHYUDI, “The Laboratory Experiment of Movable Tidal Gate for Handling Tidal Flood“, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Semarang, INDONESIA	EACEF-37
3	Alexander F. Toorman, “Inverse Methods in Vadose Zone Hydrology“, Universitas Pelita Harapan – Lippo Karawaci, INDONESIA.	EACEF-44
4	Madé Alit Karyawan Salain, “Influence of Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion Ashes on Ground Vitrified Blast Furnace Slag Activation“, Civil Engineering Department, University of Udayana, Bali, INDONESIA	EACEF-48
5	Jürgen Hothan, “Highspeed Transport – A Comparison of Competing Systems (Maglev – Conventional Railway)“, Institut für Verkehrswirtschaft Straßenwesen und Städtebau , Universtät Hannover, GERMANY Invited Speaker	EACEF-49
6	Eri Susanto Hariyadi, R Anwar Yamin and Bambang Ismanto Siswosoebrotho, “The Importance of Refusal Density Test on Asphalt Mixture Design“, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering-ITB ; Institute of Road Engineering (IRE) Ministry of Public Works Indonesia, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering-ITB , Bandung, INDONESIA	EACEF-50
7	Yang Jun, Zhu Haoran and Cui Juan, “Repeated Load Triaxial Test on Asphalt Mixture of Steel Bridge Deck and Its Simulation by FEM“, School of Transportation, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, P.R.CHINA	EACEF-58
8	Hui LI and Xiao-ming HUANG, “Numerical Simulation on Rutting of Asphalt Pavement Considering Consecutive Temperature Variation“, School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing, CHINA	EACEF-64
9	Iswandaru Widyatmoko and Sri Sunarjono, “Some Considerations to Implement Foamed Asphalt Technology for Road Construction in Indonesia“, Associate Director, Scott Wilson Pavement Engineering, Nottingham, UK , and Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, INDONESIA	EACEF-70
10	Susilo, G.E., D. Setiyoko, and Harijadi, “Simulating Dynamic Behavior of Reservoir Discharges under Dynamic Rainfall Uncertainty“, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Lampung; Department of Civil Engineering, Malahayati University, Lampung; Bina Buana Raya Engineering Consultant, Lampung – INDONESIA	EACEF-74
11	XIAO Yuan-Jie, NI Fu-Jian, DU Jing-Li, “Life-Cycle Cost Optimization of Pavement Infrastructure Maintenance and Rehabilitation Strategies Based on a Integrated Pavement Management System” , Department of Highway Engineering, Southeast University, School of Transportation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. CHINA	EACEF-98
12	Leksminingsih and M. Sjahdanulirwan, “The Comparison of Asphalt Emulsion Cold Mix Using MS 19 and RDCRB Specification“, Research and Development Center for Road and Bridges, Ministry of Public Works, Republic of Indonesia, A.H. Nasution 264 Bandung 40294, INDONESIA	EACEF-101
13	Fransiscus Mintar Ferry Sihotang, “The Determination of Rest Area along Toll Road Optimality”, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Design and Planning, University of Pelita Harapan, Lippo-Karawaci, Jakarta, INDONESIA	EACEF-143
14	Rahayu Sulistyorini, Ofyar Z. TAMIN, “Air Pollution From Road Traffic – Measurement Using Regression Analysis”, Departmen of Civil Engineering Institute Technology Bandung (ITB), Bandung, INDONESIA	EACEF-151

Group of Structure and Construction

No	Title of abstract	Paper ID
1	Raja Murugadoss J., Rajendran M. G., Priya Vaijayanthi R. , “Parallelisation of Multiple Ant Colonies Using Master-Slave Approach for Structural Optimisation“, Bannari Amman Institute of Tech., Sathyamangalam 638 401, Erode Dist., Tamil Nadu, INDIA	EACEF-02
2	Mahmood Md Tahir, Anis Saggaff, Arizu Sulaiman, “Standardisation of Partial Strength Composite Connections Using Pre-Fabricated Steel Sections“, Steel Technology Centre, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, MALAYSIA	EACEF-04
3	Rendy Thamrin and Tetsuzo Kaku, “Experimental Study on Bond and Flexural Behavior of RC Beam With CFRP Bars“, Department of Civil Engineering, Andalas University, INDONESIA ; and Department of Architectural and Civil Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, JAPAN	EACEF-06
4	Ali Hemmati and Ali Kheyroddin , “3-D Nonlinear Analysis for Seismic Assessment of Vertically Mixed Structures“, Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Semnan Branch, IRAN and Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Semnan University, IRAN	EACEF-10
5	Wiryanto Dewobroto, Sugeng Wijanto, Ign. Toto Ismintarto ,”The Application of STM (based on ACI 318-02) and FEA for the Design of Structural Transfer-Wall – Case study : ‘Kota Kasablanka’ Mixed Use Project, Jakarta“, Universitas Pelita Harapan – Lippo Karawaci; Trisakti University – Jakarta and PT. Gistama Intisemesta Consulting Engineers – Jakarta, INDONESIA.	EACEF-14
6	Dhileep M. and Pratima Rani Bose, “Combination of High Frequency Modes in Seismic Analysis of Irregular Buildings” , Department of Civil Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Royal University of Bhutan, Phuentsholing, BHUTAN; and Department of Civil Engineering, Delhi College of Engineering, Delhi, INDIA	EACEF-15
7	M. Sigit Darmawan, “Comparison of Truss Model for Shear of Reinforced Concrete Beams“, Department of Civil Engineering, Sepuluh November Institute of Technology, Surabaya, INDONESIA	EACEF-19
8	Herman Parung, “Numerical Modeling of Composite Structures: Comparison Between Analytical and Experimental Results”, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, INDONESIA	EACEF-21
9	Karl-Heinz Reineck, “Shear Design Integrated in The Design Concept of Strut-and-Tie Models for Structural Concrete“, vanredni profesor Univerzitet u Sarajevu (außerordentlicher Professor der Universität Sarajevo) ; ILEK-Institut für Leichtbau Entwerfen und Konstruieren (Institute for Lightweight Structures Conceptual and Structural Design), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, GERMANY Invited Speaker	EACEF-28
10	YANG An-qin and ZHANG Jian-lin, “Optimal Design of Damping Devices Installed between Two Adjacent Parallel Structures“, Department of Civil Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of CHINA	EACEF-34
11	Ika Bali and Shyh-Jiann Hwang, “Prediction of Load-Deflection Responses of Double-Curvature RC Squat Walls, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, INDONESIA also PhD Candidate, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, TAIWAN and Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TAIWAN also Division Head of Building Structures, National Center for Research on Earthquake Eng., Taipei, TAIWAN	EACEF-39
12	Xu Weiwei ; Lü Zhitao ; Ding Hanshan ; Liu Zhao ; Cao Sanpeng, “Model Experiments on Smart Prestressing“, College of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of CHINA	EACEF-43
13	Olga Pattipawaej, Yosafat A. Pranata and Tiara E. Rachmanda, “Analysis of Pylon Cable Stayed Bridge due to Wind Load“, Civil Engineering Department, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, INDONESIA	EACEF-52
14	Aswandy, “Buckling Behaviour of Members With Intermediate Discrete Lateral Restraints Under Bending and Axial Compression : Numerical Simulations and Application of EUROCODE 3“, Institut Teknologi Nasional (ITENAS), Bandung, INDONESIA	EACEF-54
15	Jing Deng-hu and Cao Shuang-yin, “Hazard Analysis on Masonry Arch Structure with Bond Damage under Vertical Loading“, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. CHINA	EACEF-55
16	Yosafat Aji Pranata and Anang Kristianto, “Hinge Properties Modeling for Behavior and Performance Evaluation of RC-Shearwall Buildings“, Civil Engineering Department, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, INDONESIA	EACEF-60
17	Bahter Bukit, Nurita Handayani, Dyah Kusumastuti, and Rildova, “Optimal Placement of Multiple Tuned Mass Dampers to Improve Structural Performance of Building under Earthquake Excitation“, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, INDONESIA	EACEF-63
18	Iskandar, Bambang Budiono, Dyah Kusumastuti and Herlien D. Setio, “Non-linear Finite Element Analysis of RC Beam-Composite Column Joint Under Cyclic Loading“, Department of Civil Engineering, Polytechnic of Lhokseumawe, Aceh, INDONESIA ; Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Technology Bandung, INDONESIA.	EACEF-68
19	Ding Hanshan, Wang Peng, Huang Jian, Xia Wengjun, Zhang Yigui and Zhang Rui, “Application of External CFRP Prestress in Hewei Bridge“, Civil Dept., Southeast University, CHINA; Office of Freeway, Department of Communications of Jiangsu Province, CHINA ; Highway Department of Huai’an Municipality, Jiangsu Province, CHINA	EACEF-69
20	Titik Penta Artiningsih, “Effects of The Opening Location on Partially Prestressed Concrete Hybrid T-Beams of Normal – Lightweight Concrete“, Civil Engineering Study Program, Engineering Faculty, Pakuan University, Bogor , INDONESIA	EACEF-75
21	Yoyong Arfiadi, “Moment Coefficients for Statically Indeterminate Prestressed Concrete Structures“, Department of Civil Engineering, Atma Jaya Yogyakarta University, Yogyakarta 55281, INDONESIA	EACEF-76
22	Yoyong Arfiadi, “Flexible Mounted Tuned Liquid Column Dampers for Reducing Structural Response“, Department of Civil Engineering, Atma Jaya Yogyakarta University, Yogyakarta 55281, INDONESIA	EACEF-77
23	I.K. Sudarsana and M. Sukrawa, “Flexural Strengthening of RC T-Beam Bridge Girder Using External Laminate of CFRP Sheets“, Member of HAKI and Civil Engineering Department, University of Udayana-Bali, INDONESIA	EACEF-83
24	WANG Chunlin, LU Zhitao, “Dynamic Characteristics and Seismic Response of Core-Tube With Semi-Flexible Suspension Systems Linked by Dampers“, Key Laboratory of R.C. & P.C. Structures, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. CHINA	EACEF-97
25	M. Bourezane and L.Belounar, “New Strain Based Shell Element With Drilling Rotation“, Civil Engineering Department., Biskra University, ALGERIA	EACEF-104
26	L. Belounar and S. Benmebarek, “Skew Plates Analysis Using Strain Based Parallelogram Finite Element“, Civil Engineering Department, Biskra University Algeria, ALGERIA	EACEF-105
27	Herlien.D.Setio, Sangriyadi Setio and Sri Kusuma, “A Study on an Active and Passive Control System of Building Structures Excited by Dynamic Loadings“, Civil Engineering Department, and Mechanical Engineering Department, ITB, Bandung, INDONESIA	EACEF-108
28	Herlien.D.Setio, Sangriyadi Setio and Dono Ari Bawono, “Reliability Centered Maintenance For Railway Networks“, Civil Engineering Department and Mechanical Engineering Department, ITB, Bandung, INDONESIA	EACEF-109
29	Herlien.D.Setio and Sangriyadi Setio, “Structural Response Measurement a Key to Advanced Diagnostic of Structural Damage“, Civil Engineering Department and Mechanical Engineering Department, ITB, Bandung, INDONESIA	EACEF-112
30	Andreas Triwiyono and Nizam, “Review of Transitional Shelter for Victims of the 27th Earthquake Disaster in Yogyakarta“, Civil Engineering and Environmental Department, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA	EACEF-127
31	Ima Muljati, “Modal Pushover Analysis on a Multi-Span Concrete Bridge“, Civil Engineering Department – Petra Christian University, Surabaya, INDONESIA	EACEF-128
32	Pamuda Pujisuryadi, Benjamin Lumantarna and Yuskar LaseBase, “Isolation in Traditional Building, Lesson learned from Nias March 28, 2005 Earthquake“, Civil Engineering Department – Petra Christian University, Surabaya, and Civil Engineering Department – University of Indonesia, Depok, INDONESIA	EACEF-131
33	Mahmood HOSSEINI and Seyyed Reza KHAVARI, “Vulnerability Assessment of an Existing Highway Bridge by 3-D Push-Over Analysis and Proposing its Retrofit Design“, Head of Lifeline Engineering Department, and Board Member of Center of Excellence on Risk Management, The International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES), Tehran, IRAN; and Science and Research Branch of the Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, IRAN	EACEF-133
34	Adel ElSafty, “Retrofit Of Bridge Decks Supported By Steel Girders”, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA	EACEF-136
35	H. Showkati and K. Imani, “Bending Experiments on Stiffened Circular Plates with Clamped Edges”, Department of Civil Engineering, Urmia University, IRAN.	EACEF-137
36	O.Kohnehpooshi , H.Showkati , “Structural Effective Properties of Elastic Castellated Section”, Department of Civil Engineering, Urmia University, IRAN	EACEF-138
37	Chao Guo , Bo Lu ,Weiming Gong , Guoliang Dai, “Experiment and Research on the Behavior of Pile Caps”, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing, 210096, P.R.CHINA	EACEF-148
38	Karl-Heinz Reineck, “Design aspects for Ultra-High-Performance Concrete “, vanredni profesor Univerzitet u Sarajevu (außerordentlicher Professor der Universität Sarajevo) ; ILEK-Institut für Leichtbau Entwerfen und Konstruieren (Institute for Lightweight Structures Conceptual and Structural Design), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, GERMANY Invited Speaker	EACEF-150
39	Anis Saggaff, Shek Poi Ngian, Mahmood Md Tahir, Arizu Sulaiman, Wong Kah Leong, “Buckling Analysis Of Cruciform Column Using Universal Beam Section”, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Sriwijaya University -INDONESIA, and Steel Technology Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai, Johor, MALAYSIA	EACEF-152
40	Anis Saggaff , Tan Cher Siang, Mahmood Md Tahir, Arizu Sulaiman, Wong Kah Leong, “Parametric Study In The Semi-Continuous Design Of Multi-Storey Braced Steel Frame Using Trapezoidal Web Profiled (TWP) Section”, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Sriwijaya University -INDONESIA, and Steel Technology Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai, Johor, MALAYSIA	EACEF-153
41	T.H.T. Chan , Z.X. Li, D. Thambiratnam, and A.C.C. Tan, “Fatigue Damage Assessment Of Steel Bridges using Strain Measurement”, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia and Southeast University, 2 Si Pai Lou, Nanjing 210018, PR China	EACEF-155
42	Tan ACC, D Thambiratnam and T Chan, “Piezoceramic Sensor For Monitoring Of Structural Vibration”, School of Engineering Systems, and School of Urban Development, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, AUSTRALIA	EACEF-157
43	Wiratman Wangsadinata, Sofia W. Alisjahbana and Douglas A. Baadilla, “Dynamic Behaviour of Rigid Concrete Pavements Under Dynamic Traffic Loads”, Tarumanagara University and PT. Wiratman & Associates, Jakarta, INDONESIA	EACEF-159

Group of Material

No	Title of abstract	Paper ID
1	M. Sigit Darmawan, “Pitting Corrosion Model for Reinforced Concrete Structures in a Chloride Environment“, Department of Civil Engineering, Sepuluh November Institute of Technology, Surabaya, INDONESIA	EACEF-18
2	Nawir Rasidi,”The Utilization of Iron Fitting Dumb as a Filler of Fiber Concrete Performance“, Jurusan Teknik Sipil Politeknik Negeri Malang, INDONESIA	EACEF-22
3	Mohammad Ismail and Esah Hamzah, “Detection of Corrosion of Embedded Steel in Concrete“, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Faculty of Mechanical, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, MALAYSIA.	EACEF-26
4	Madé Alit Karyawan Salain, “Influence of Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion Ashes on Ground Vitrified Blast Furnace Slag Activation“, Civil Engineering Department, University of Udayana, Bali, INDONESIA	EACEF-48
5	Achfas ZACOEB, Koji ISHIBASHI, Yukihiro ITO, Noriyuki MIYAMOTO, and Masamichi SOGABE, “Development of Advanced Inspection Device for Inside Concrete Structures“, Graduate School of Sciences & Engineering, Saga University, JAPAN; Department of Civil Engineering, Saga University, JAPAN, Keisoku Research Consultant, JAPAN, Railway Dynamics Division, Railway Technical Research Institute, JAPAN	EACEF-53
6	Eri Susanto Hariyadi and Leksminingsih, “The Performance of Asphalt Mix Containing Slag Aggregates for Heavy Trafficked Roads“, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering-ITB amd Research & Development Center for Road& Bridge, Ministry of Public Works, INDONESIA	EACEF-65
7	Leksminingsih and Eri Susanto Hariyadi, “Laboratory Evaluation of Asphalt Mix Containing Buton Natural Asphalt“, Research & Development Center for Road& Bridge, Ministry of Public Works,Indonesia and Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering-ITB , INDONESIA	EACEF-66
8	Eri Susanto Hariyadi; Bambang Ismanto; Bambang Sugeng and Djunaedi Kosasih, ”Investigation of Bonding Condition Between Pavement Layer Using The Modified Direct Shear Test“, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering-ITB , INDONESIA	EACEF-67
9	M.I. Retno Susilorini, “The Performance Improvement of Fiber Pullout of Nylon 600 by Clumped Embedded Fiber End“, Civil Engineering Study Program, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Jl. Pawiyatan Luhur IV/1, Bendan Dhuwur, Semarang, INDONESIA	EACEF-80
10	Rudy Djamaluddin, “Behaviour of GFRP Beam Under Flexural Loading“, Civil Department of Hasanuddin University, Makasar, INDONESIA	EACEF-82
11	Jong Herman Cahyadi, “Utilization of Waste Materials in Manufacturing of Self-Compacting Concrete“, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, SINGAPORE	EACEF-85
12	Muhammad Wihardi Tjaronge, “Compressive Strength and Elasticity Modulus of Porous Concrete Containing Portland Pozzolan Cement“, Department of Civil Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, INDONESIA	EACEF-91
13	Rita Irmawaty and M.Wihardi Tjaronge, “Study on Flexural Strength of Self Compacting Concrete Containing Portland Pozzolan Cement” , Department of Civil Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Makassar INDONESIA	EACEF-92
14	Jenn-Chuan CHERN,”The Development of High Strength Cementitious Materials for Seismic Energy Adsorption“, Distinguished Professor of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University ; President of Taiwan Concrete Institute (TCI); Vice President of Asian Concrete Federation (ACF) ; Chair – Executive Committe of The Asian Civil Engineering Coordinating Council (ACECC), TAIWAN Invited Speaker	EACEF-96
15	Vahid Razavi Tosee and Mohamad Hassan Ayazi, “An Investigation in Mechanical Property and Workablity of Lightweight Mortar with Various Percentages of Scoria Instead of Sand”, Joundi Shapour University , Dezful, IRAN and Azad Islamic University, Dezful, IRAN	EACEF-135
16	Jack Widjajakusuma, “Cross-Property Relationships of Porous Media”,Department of Civil Engineering Universitas Pelita Harapan, Lippo-Karawaci, INDONESIA	EACEF-146
17	Yin-Wen Chan and Ming-Chih Lee, “Application of Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag in Self-compacting Concrete – Development and Behavior”, Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TAIWAN	EACEF-147

Group of Construction Management

No	Title of abstract	Paper ID
1	Hardiman, Sharifah Akmam Syed Zakaria and Ng Slew Lian, “The Application of Value Management in Construction Industry – A Case Study on The Cost Effectiveness of Portal Frame Structure in Factory Projects“, Syiah Kuala University – Banda Acheh, INDONESIA ; and Universiti Sains Malaysia – Pulau Pinang, MALAYSIA	EACEF-05
2	Krishna Mochtar, “Impact of Company Characteristics on Marketing Expenditures in Construction“, Department of Civil Engineering, Indonesia Institute of Technology, Serpong, Tangerang , INDONESIA	EACEF-07
3	Krishna Mochtar, “Marketing Expenditures in The Indonesian Construction Industry“, Department of Civil Engineering, Indonesia Institute of Technology, Serpong, Tangerang , INDONESIA	EACEF-08
4	Krishna Mochtar, “Pricing Strategy in The Indonesian Construction Industry“, Department of Civil Engineering, Indonesia Institute of Technology, Serpong, Tangerang , INDONESIA	EACEF-09
5	Ali Hemmati, Abbas Rashidi and Saeed Hemmati, “Applications of IT in Different Stages of Infrastructure Projects in Iran ” , Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Semnan Branch, IRAN, and Civil Engineer, Semnan University, IRAN	EACEF-11
6	Manlian Ronald Adventus Simanjuntak, “The Implication of Fire Risk Treatment Using Performance Based Fire Safety Design on Office High Rise Buildings in DKI Jakarta“, Graduate Program of Civil Engineering, University of Pelita Harapan, INDONESIA	EACEF-12
7	Chan Weng Tat, “Productivity Improvement in The Construction Industry – a Systems View“, Department of Civil Engineering, National University of Singapore, SINGAPORE Invited Speaker	EACEF-24
8	Lukas B. Sihombing, “Financial Innovation for Infrastructure Financing“, Head of Monitoring Subsidiaries Department, PT. Citra Marga Nusaphala Persada Tbk., INDONESIA	EACEF-27
9	Muhamad Abduh, Andri Y. Rosyad, Susman Hadi, and Rangga Yudha, “Spreadsheet Application for Small Enterprises in Managing Construction Projects“, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, INDONESIA	EACEF-29
10	Krishna, S. Pribadi and M. Husnullah Pangeran, “Important Risks on Public-Private Partnership Scheme in Water Supply Investment in Indonesia“, Construction Engineering and Management Division, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environment, Bandung Institute of Technology, INDONESIA	EACEF-31
11	Peter F. Kaming , “Indonesian Supervisors’ Perception of Construction Site Managers“, The University of Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA	EACEF-40
12	Peter, F. Kaming, Eko Setyanto, and Sandy Santosa, “Causes of The Accidents on Construction in Developing Countries“, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta , INDONESIA	EACEF-41
13	Peter F. Kaming & Budi Prasojo, “Application of Project Management Maturity Model For Construction“, Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA	EACEF-42
14	Reini D. Wirahadikusumah, “The Need for Standard Production Information of Indonesian Construction Industry“, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, INDONESIA.	EACEF-45
15	M. Asad Abdurrahman and Chandra Bhuta, “An Analysis of Facts and Figures of The Construction Industry Accidents in Victoria, Australia“, School of Civil Engineering, Hasanuddin University, INDONESIA and School of Civil Engineering, Victoria University of Technology, AUSTRALIA	EACEF-61
16	Parea Rusan Rangan and Manlian Ronald, “Risk Implication on Highrise Multifunction Building in DKI Jakarta“, Master Program in Construction Management, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Jakarta, INDONESIA	EACEF-73
17	Abriyani Sulistyawan, “Revaluing Construction in Indonesia (Comparative Study)“, Sains Al-Qur’an University, Wonosobo, also Ph.D Student, Department Civil Engineering Diponegoro University, Semarang, INDONESIA.	EACEF-87
18	Suharman Hamzah, “Study of Risk Level at Pioneer Airport Development Project (Case of Rampi Airport South Sulawesi)“, Construction Management Laboratory, Civil Engineering Department, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, INDONESIA	EACEF-88
19	Andreas Wibowo, Hazairin, “Do the Construction and Property Firms Create Wealth to Their Shareholders ?“, Research Institute for Human Settlements, the Ministry of Public Works and Graduate Program in Civil Engineering, the Parahyangan Catholic University; Institute of Technology National (ITENAS), Bandung, INDONESIA	EACEF-102
20	Andreas Wibowo, “Probabilistic Earned Value Management for Construction Projects“, Research Institute for Human Settlements, the Ministry of Public Works and Graduate Program in Civil Engineering, the Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung, INDONESIA	EACEF-103
21	I Putu Artama Wiguna, “The Influence of Perceived Project Risk on Project Characteristics“, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning, Institute of Technology of Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, INDONESIA	EACEF-114
22	M. Sapri Pamulu, Stephen Kajewski, and Martin Betts, “Evaluating Financial Ratios in Construction Industry: A Case Study of Indonesian Firms”, Centre for Built Environment & Engineering Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, AUSTRALIA.	EACEF-149
23	Andi, Albert Cahyono, Roy Hartawan “Safety Defenses in Construction Projects”, Petra Christian University, Surabaya, INDONESIA.	EACEF-154
24	Dian Mariska, Andi and Ratna S. Alifen“Women Career and Factors Influencing in Construction”, Petra Christian University, Surabaya, INDONESIA.	EACEF-158

1st EACEF – About UPH

wir — Wed, 26 Sep 2007 18:44:09 +0000

The 1st International Conference was conducted on 26-27 September 2007 by Civil Engineering Department and Master Program in Construction Management of Universitas Pelita Harapan, Lippo Karawaci.

This Conference was held on the Universitas Pelita Harapan (UPH) Global Campus, located in Lippo Karawaci, Tangerang. Established in 1994 with a commitment to providing excellent education, UPH is now a highly respected university in Indonesia with 12 Faculties and a Tourism Institute covering 29 study programs, almost 500 lecturers and more than 9,000 students.

In accordance with its development for a global campus, UPH has established strategic partnerships with prestigious overseas universities including National University of Singapore (NUS), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), The University of Newcastle, Xiamen University, and other leading educational institutions in the USA, Europe, Australia, and Asia.

Being consistent with its goal to provide excellent education, UPH continually upgrades its laboratories and other facilities. Some modern and sophisticated facilities are available at UPH main campus, including The Johannes Oentoro Library, a 2200-seat-auditorium Grand Chapel, Sports Center, the MYC Student Dormitory, and an Food Court.

The Johannes Oentoro Library

a 2200-seat-auditorium Grand Chapel

The UPH’s Sports Facillities

FJSQUARE – UPH Food Court

UPH is located in the heart of the most prestigious business district in Lippo Karawaci, a modern satellite city in the west of Jakarta. Easily reached from Jakarta and the Soekarno – Hatta airport, Lippo Karawaci offers an ideal environment for UPH students.

Various accommodation options are available in this secure area. Transportation to and from campus is well served by Lippo buses, public buses, and public minibuses. In the suburb surrounding the campus, there are many reasonably priced, good quality restaurants, cafes, department stores, bookstores, and shops. An international standard hospital, Siloam Gleneagles, is also located nearby. For further information on UPH please visit http://www.uph.edu

The setup and maintenance of this site are the responsibility of Wiryanto Dewobroto who works as a lecturer in Civil Engineering Department of UPH.

1st EACEF – Introduction

wir — Tue, 23 Jan 2007 08:22:49 +0000

Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Pelita Harapan (Lippo Karawaci, Tangerang, Jakarta, Indonesia) in colaboration with Institute for Light Weight Structure and Conceptual Design, Uni-Stuttgart (Germany) will conduct a two-day International Conference in Civil Engineering.

This event will be held on 26-27 September 2007 at the Universitas Pelita Harapan, Lippo Karawaci, Tangerang, Jakarta, Indonesia.

The Map Campus UPH, Lippo-Karawaci

Grand Poster of EACEF at Gate-1 Entrace

The EACEF Venue at Building D of UPH

Objectives

The main objective of this two day conference is to provide a forum among European and Asian engineer in research and practice to present and to discuss the state-of-the-art as well as new research development in the field of Civil Engineering.

Organized by:

	Civil Engineering Department and Master Program in Construction Management, University of Pelita Harapan, Indonesia
	Institute for Light Weight Structure and Conceptual Design, University of Stuttgart, Germany

CALL for PAPERS is CLOSED

The Organizing Committee has received more than 100 papers from 17 countries which will be presented during conference. Technically the papers will be divided in 5 categories as following:

Structure and Construction Engineering.
Geotechnical Engineering.
Construction Management and Project Management.
Construction Material Engineering.
Infrastructure Engineering.

Authors of accepted contributions will be expected to attend the Conference.

Participating universities and countries:

ALGERIA: Biskra University
AUSTRALIA: Curtin University of Technology, Western Australia ; University of Queensland ; Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001 ; Victoria University of Technology
BHUTAN: Royal University of Bhutan, Phuentsholing
CHINA: Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province ; Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian ; Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan ; Office of Freeway, Dept. of Communications of Jiangsu Province ; Highway Department of Huai’an Municipality, Jiangsu Province ; China Zhongtie Major Bridge Engineering Group, Wuhan
FRANCE: Groupe de Recherche en Génie Civil, Université de Caen, Caen ; Centre d’Expérimentation Routière de Rouen, Le Grand-Quevilly cedex
GERMANY: Universität Stuttgart ; Universtät Hannover
INDIA: Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Tamilnadu ; Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu ; Delhi College of Engineering, Delhi ; Sri Ramakrishna Vidyalaya Polytechnic, Tamilnadu
INDONESIA: Bina Buana Raya Engineering Consultant, Lampung ; Indonesia Institute of Technology, Serpong, Tangerang ; Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung ; Institute of Road Engineering (IRE), Ministry of Public Works ; Institut Teknologi Nasional (ITENAS), Bandung ; Maranatha Christian University, Bandung ; Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung ;PT. Citra Marga Nusaphala Persada Tbk., Jakarta ; PT. Gistama Intisemesta – Jakarta and Surabaya ; Petra Christian University, Surabaya ; Prosys Solutions, Jakarta ; Polytechnic of Lhoksemauwe, Aceh ; Politeknik Negeri Malang, Malang ; Research & Development Center for Road & Bridge, Ministry of Public Works, Research Institute for Human Settlements ; Sepuluh November Institute of Technology, Surabaya ; State Polytechnic of Jakarta ; Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang ; Syiah Kuala University – Banda Aceh ; University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta ; University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta ; University of Pelita Harapan, Jakarta ; University of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta ; University of Andalas, Padang, Sumatera Barat ; University of Malahayati, Lampung; University of Pakuan, Bogor ; University of Hasanuddin, Makassar ; University of Brawijaya, Malang ; University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung ; University of Sains Al-Qur’an, Wonosobo ; University of HKBP Nomensen, Medan ; University of Islam Sultan Agung, Semarang ; University of Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta ; University of Udayana, Bali ; University of Diponegoro, Semarang ; Universitas Sangga Buana YPKP, Bandung ; University of Indonesia, Depok ; University of Gunadarma, Jakarta; Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang.
IRAN: Islamic Azad University, Semnan Branch ; Iran University of Science and Technology ; Sharif University of Technology, Tehran ; International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES), Tehran ; Science and Research Branch of the Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran ; Shahid chamran University, Ahvaz ; University of Semnan, Semnan ; University of Urmia
JAPAN: Toyohashi University of Technology ; Saga University ; Railway Dynamics Division, Railway Technical Research Institute ; Yokohama National University, Yokohama ; Hokkaido University ; University of Tokyo, Tokyo
MALAYSIA: Universiti Sains Malaysia – Pulau Pinang ; Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak ; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor ; Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan, Pahang
SINGAPORE: National University of Singapore ; Nanyang Technological University
TAIWAN: Asian Concrete Federation (ACF) ; National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering, Taipei ; National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei ; National Taiwan University ; Taiwan Concrete Institute (TCI); The Asian Civil Engineering
THAILAND: Ministry of Transportation, Bangkok ; Chulalongkorn University
UZBEKISTAN: Tashkent Automotive and Road Institute, Republic of Uzbekistan
UNITED KINGDOM: University of Nottingham
USA: University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL ; Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA.

Our Effort in cooperation with the Government

Prof. Harianto introduce the EACEF to Ministry of Public Works (Wednesday 13 June 2007)

Scientific Committee

Chairman : Prof. Karl Heinz Reineck (Uni-Stuttgart, Germany)
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Pieter A. Vermeer (Uni-Stuttgart, Germany)
Prof. Chan Weng Tat (NUS, Singapore)
Prof. Jenn-Chuan Chern PhD. (National Taiwan University, Taiwan)
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Hothan (Universität Hannover, Germany)
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harianto Hardjasaputra (UPH, Indonesia)
Dr. FX Supartono (Indonesia)
Dr.-Ing. Ir. Andreas Triwiyono (UGM, Indonesia)

Organizing Committee

Chairman: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harianto Hardjasaputra
Ir. David B. Solaiman, Dip. HE.
Dr.-Ing. Jack Wijayakusuma
Dr. Ir. Manlian Ronald
Ir. Rene Sumantri Kurniadi, M.Sc.
Ir. Fransiskus Mintar S., MT.
Ir. Wiryanto Dewobroto , MT.

Time Schedule

September 26, 2007

07.30-08.30	Registration
08.30-09.00	Welcoming Speech and Opening Speech
	Chairman of Organizing Committee Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harianto Hardjasaputra (Universitas Pelita Harapan) Chairman of Scientific Committee Prof.Dr.-Ing. Karl-Heinz Reineck (Uni-Stuttgart, Germany) Director of DAAD Jakarta Office Mrs. Ilona Krueger-Rechmann, M.A Chairman of HAKI Ir. Davy Sukamta Rector of Universitas Pelita Harapan Jonathan L. Parapak
09.00-09.15	Music Performance by Faculty of Art – UPH
Plenary Session 1.	Chairman:
09.15-09.35	Invited Speaker (20’) Prof.Dr.-Ing. Karl-Heinz Reineck (Uni-Stuttgart, Germany) “Shear Design Integrated in The Design Concept of Strut-and-Tie Models for Structural Concrete”
09.35-09.55	Invited Speaker (20’) Prof. Chan Weng Tat, Ph.D (NUS, Singapore) “A Systems Perspective Of Construction Productivity Improvement Efforts”
09.55-10.15	Invited Speaker (20’) Prof.Dr.-Ing. Pieter A. Vermeer (Uni-Stuttgart, Germany) “Geotechnical Aspects of Tunnelling” #1
10.15-10.30	Q & A (15′)
10.30-10.45	Break
Plenary Session 2.	Chairman :
10.45-11.05	Invited Speaker (20’) Prof. Andy Tan (Queensland University of Technology, Brisban, Australia) “Piezoceramic Sensor for Monitoring of Structural Vibration”
11.05-11.25	Invited Speaker (20’) Prof. Lee Seng Lip (National University of Singapore) “Design and Performance of Fibredrain in Soil Improvement”
11.25-11.45	Main Sponsor INDOCEMENT (20’)
11.45-12.05	Main Sponsor OPTIMA SOLUSINDO INFORMATIKA (20’)
12.05-12.15	Q & A (10’)
12.15-13.15	Lunch Break
13.15-14.45	Technical Session I
Room #1	Geotechnique & Infrastructure (5 of 23 papers) 5 paper @15’ + 15’ QA
Plenary Room	Structure & Construction (5 of 42 papers) 5 paper @15’ + 15’ QA
Room #2	Material (5 of 16 paper) 5 paper @ 15’ + 15’ QA
Room #3	Construction Management (5 of 23 paper) 5 paper @15’ + 15’ QA
14.45-15.15	Tea and Coffee Break
15.15-16.45	Technical Session II
Room #1	Geotechnique & Infrastructure (5 of 18 papers) 5 paper @15’ + 15’ QA
Plenary Room	Structure & Construction (5 of 37 papers) 5 paper @15’ + 15’ QA
Room #2	Material (5 of 11 paper) 5 paper @ 15’ + 15’ QA
Room #3	Construction Management (5 of 18 papers) 5 paper @15’ + 15’ QA

September 27, 2007

08.00-08.15	Music Performance by Faculty of Art – UPH
Plenary Session 3.	Chairman:
08.15-08.35	Invited Speaker (20’) Prof. Dr. Ir. Wiratman Wangsadinata (PT. Wiratman & Associates, Indonesia) “Dynamic Behaviour of Rigid Concrete Pavements Under Dynamic Traffic Loads”
08.35-08.55	Invited Speaker (20’) Prof. Jenn-Chuan Chern, Ph.D (NTU, Taiwan) “The Development of High Strength Cementitious Materials for Seismic Energy Adsorption”
08.55-09.15	Invited Speaker (20’) Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Hothan (Uni-Hannover, Germany) “High Speed Transport – A Comparison of Competing Systems”
09.15-09.30	Q & A (15′)
09.30-10.00	Distinguished Speaker: (25’ + 5 ‘ QA) Your Excellency Minister of Public Works of Indonesia
10.00-10.15	Tea and Coffee Break
10.15-12.00	Technical Session III
Room #1	Geotechnique & Infrastructure (6 of 13 papers) 6 paper @15’ + 15’ QA
Plenary Room Room #4	Structure & Construction (12 of 32 papers) Paralel Session IIIA and IIIB 2 @ 6 paper @15’ + 15’ QA
Room #2	Material (6 of 6 paper) 6 paper @ 15’ + 15’ QA
Room #3	Construction Management (6 of 13 paper) 6 paper @15’ + 15’ QA
12.00-13.00	Lunch Break (at Food Junction) (60’)
13.00-14.45	Technical Session IV
Room #1	Geotechnique & Infrastructure (6 of 7 papers) 6 paper @15’ + 15’ QA
Plenary Room Room #4	Structure & Construction (12 of 20 papers) Paralel Session IVA and IVB 2 @ 6 paper @15’ + 15’ QA
Room #2	Material (FREE) 0 paper
Room #3	Construction Management (7 of 7 papers) 7 paper @15’ + 0’ QA
14.45-15.15	Tea & Coffee Break
Plenary Session 4.	Chairman:
15.15-15.35	Invited Speaker (20’) Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karl-Heinz Reineck (Uni-Stuttgart, Germany) “Design Aspects for Ultra-High-Performance Concrete”
15.35-15.55	Invited Speaker (20’) Prof. Dr.-Ing. Pieter A. Vermeer (Uni-Stuttgart, Germany) “Geotechnical Aspects of Tunnelling” #2
15.55-16.15	Main Sponsor (20′) PT Lippo Karawaci
16.15-16.30	Q & A (15′)
16.30-17.00	Closing Ceremony (30′) Best Paper Award

CONFERENCE AGENDA (down-load PDF 158 kb)

Participants

To achieve the objectives of the conferences , the Organizing Committe invites all parties involved in the construction industry, including engineers, consultants, contractor, researchers, engineering students / lecturer, government officials to participate.

Venue

Concert Hall , D Building, UPH Campus Karawaci, Lippo Karawaci, JAKARTA, Indonesia.

Registration Fee

A Two day Conference

Professional	Rp 600.000,-	150 US$
Master / Ph.D Student	Rp 500.000,-	125 US$

For Authors, please down-load Guidelines for Author Registration.doc (53 kb)

The registration fee included: certificate, conference kit, snack, lunch, CD Proceeding (not included Printed Proceeding).

Printed Proceeding can be purchased with price:
Domestic : Rp. 300,000.-/ piece
Foreign : 35 US $ / piece
The Author is strongly adviced to request it in advance

Bank Account

DOMESTIC (in Rp):
Lippo Bank Karawaci Tangerang
Account Number: 570-30-80025-3
Account Name: Yayasan Universitas Pelita Harapan

FOREIGN (in USD):
Beneficiary: Yayasan Universitas Pelita Harapan
Bank Account Number: 570-30-80025-3
Name of Bank : Lippo Bank – Branch of Karawaci, Tangerang
Address of Bank : Jl. Diponegoro No. 101, Lippo Karawaci
Bencongan, Curug, Tangerang-15810
Swiff Code : LIPBIDJA

Conference Secretariat

Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Lippo Karawaci, Tangerang, Jakarta, Indonesia
Phone +62-21-5460901
Fax + 62-21-5460910
Email for purpose of paper / manuscript : eacef@yahoo.co.id
Email for pupose of registration and payment : reg_eacef@yahoo.com

Supported by

DAAD (Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst)
HAKI (Himpunan Ahli Konstruksi Indonesia)